A matsayinsa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan sha guda uku na duniya waɗanda ba na giya ba, shayi yana da fifiko sosai a wurin mutane saboda halayensa na halitta, mai gina jiki, da inganta lafiyarsa. Domin kiyaye siffa, launi, ƙamshi, da ɗanɗanon shayi yadda ya kamata, da samun dogon ajiya da sufuri, an kuma yi gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare da yawa na kayan shayin. Tun lokacin da aka fara shi, shayin jakunkuna ya shahara a ƙasashen Turai da Amurka saboda fa'idodinsa da yawa kamar saukakawa da tsafta.
Jakar shayi wani nau'in shayi ne da ake zubawa a cikin siraran tace takarda sannan a sanya shi tare da jakar takarda a cikin saitin shayin. Babban manufar marufi tare da jakunkuna masu tacewa shine don inganta yawan leaching da kuma yin amfani da cikakken foda na shayi a masana'antar shayi. Saboda fa'idodinsa kamar bushewa da sauri, tsabta, daidaitaccen sashi, haɗawa cikin sauƙi, sauƙaƙe saura cirewa, da ɗaukar hoto, shayin jakunkuna yana da fifiko sosai a kasuwannin duniya don biyan buƙatun rayuwa cikin sauri na mutanen zamani. Danyen shayi, kayan tattarawa, da injinan buhun shayi sune abubuwa uku na samar da buhun shayi, kuma kayan tattarawa sune ainihin yanayin samar da jakar shayi.
Nau'i da buƙatun kayan tattarawa don jakunan shayi
Kayan da aka yi wa buhunan shayi sun haɗa da kayan tattara kayan ciki irin sutakardar tace shayi, kayan marufi na waje kamar jakunkuna na waje, akwatunan marufi, da filastik filastik da takarda gilashi, daga cikinsu takarda tace shayi shine mafi mahimmancin kayan aiki. Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin duk aikin shirya kayan shayi, jakar shayizaren audugadon ɗaga zaren, takarda tambari, ɗaga zaren liƙa, da adhesive polyester acetate don alamomi kuma ana buƙatar. Tea yafi ƙunshi abubuwa kamar ascorbic acid, tannic acid, mahaɗan polyphenolic, catechins, fats, da carotenoids. Wadannan sinadaran suna da matukar saukin kamuwa da lalacewa saboda danshi, oxygen, zazzabi, haske, da warin muhalli. Don haka, kayan tattara kayan da ake amfani da su don buhunan shayi ya kamata gabaɗaya su cika buƙatun juriya na danshi, juriyar iskar oxygen, juriya mai zafi, garkuwar haske, da toshe iskar gas don rage ko hana tasirin abubuwan da ke sama.
1. Kayan kayan ciki na ciki don jakar shayi - takarda tace shayi
Takardar tace jakar shayi, wacce kuma aka sani da takardar fakitin jakar shayi, takarda ce mara nauyi mara nauyi tare da uniform, tsafta, sako-sako da tsari, ƙarancin matsewa, sha mai ƙarfi, da ƙarfin rigar. An fi amfani da shi don samarwa da kuma tattara kayan "jakar shayi" a cikin injinan tattara kayan shayi na atomatik. An sanya masa suna bayan manufarsa, kuma aikinta da ingancinsa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ingancin jakunkunan shayi da aka gama.
1.2 Abubuwan buƙatu na asali don takarda tace shayi
A matsayin marufi na buhunan shayi, takardar tace shayi ba wai kawai ta tabbatar da cewa ingantaccen sinadaran shayin na iya saurin yaduwa cikin miyar shayin yayin da ake shayarwa ba, har ma ya hana fodar shayin da ke cikin jakar shiga cikin miyar shayin. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don halayensa sune kamar haka.
(l) Yana da isasshen ƙarfin inji (ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi) don daidaitawa da ƙarfin bushewa da elasticity na injin marufi ta atomatik don jakunkunan shayi;
(2) Mai iya jurewa nutsewa a cikin ruwan zãfi ba tare da karye ba;
(3) shayin jakunkuna yana da sifofi na zama mai zubewa, damshi, da juyewa. Bayan an shayar da shi, ana iya jika da sauri kuma ana iya fitar da abin da ke cikin shayin mai narkewa da sauri;
(4) Filayen ya kamata su kasance masu kyau, iri ɗaya da daidaito.
Kaurin takarda tace gabaɗaya 0.003-0.009in (lin=0.0254m)
Girman pore na takarda tace ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 20-200 μm, kuma yawa da porosity na takarda tace ya kamata a daidaita.
(5) Mara wari, mara wari, mara guba, cikin bin ka'idodin tsafta;
(6) Mai nauyi, mai farar takarda.
1.3 Nau'in Takarda Tace Shayi
Kayayyakin buhunan shayi a duniya a yau sun kasu kashi biyu:zafi ta rufe shayi taceda takardar tace shayi mara zafi, dangane da ko suna buƙatar dumama da haɗawa yayin rufe jakar. Abin da aka fi amfani dashi a halin yanzu shine takarda tace shayi mai zafi.
Takardar tace mai zafi nau'in takarda ce ta shayi wacce ta dace da marufi a cikin injunan tattara kayan shayi ta atomatik. Ana buƙatar ya ƙunshi 30% -50% dogon zaruruwa da 25% -60% zafi da aka rufe zaruruwa. Ayyukan dogayen zaruruwa shine samar da isasshen ƙarfin injin don tace takarda. Ana haɗe zarurukan da aka rufe da zafi da wasu zaruruwa yayin samar da takarda tacewa, yana ba da damar nau'ikan takardan tacewa guda biyu su haɗa juna lokacin da aka yi zafi da matsi da injin maɗaurin zafi na rollers, don haka samar da jakar da aka rufe zafi. Ana iya yin irin wannan nau'in fiber tare da abubuwan rufewar zafi daga copolymers na polyvinyl acetate da polyvinyl chloride, ko daga polypropylene, polyethylene, siliki na roba, da gaurayawan su. Wasu masana'antun kuma suna yin irin wannan nau'in takarda tace ta zama tsari mai nau'i biyu, tare da Layer ɗaya wanda ya ƙunshi gabaɗayan zafi da aka rufe gauraye zaruruwa da ɗayan Layer ɗin da ke kunshe da zaruruwa marasa zafi. Amfanin wannan hanyar ita ce tana iya hana zafin da aka rufe zaruruwa daga manne da na'urar da ke rufe na'urar bayan zafi ya narke. An ƙayyade kauri na takarda bisa ga ma'auni na 17g/m2.
Takardar tacewa mara zafi takarda ce ta tace shayi wacce ta dace da marufi a cikin injinan tattara kayan shayi marasa zafi. Ana buƙatar takarda mai tace shayi mara zafi wanda ya ƙunshi 30% -50% dogayen zaruruwa, kamar hemp Manila, don samar da isasshen ƙarfin injin, yayin da sauran ya ƙunshi gajerun zaruruwa masu rahusa da kusan 5% guduro. Aikin guduro shine don inganta ƙarfin takarda tace don jure wa tafasasshen ruwa. An ƙididdige kauri gabaɗaya bisa ma'aunin nauyi na gram 12 a kowace murabba'in mita. Masu bincike daga Sashen Kimiyyar Albarkatun Daji a Jami'ar Aikin Noma ta Shizuoka da ke Japan sun yi amfani da Sinanci da aka yi hemp bast fiber da aka jika a cikin ruwa a matsayin ɗanyen abu, kuma sun yi nazarin kaddarorin da ake samu na ɓangaren litattafan almara na hemp bast fiber ɓangaren litattafan almara da hanyoyin dafa abinci daban-daban guda uku: alkaline alkali (AQ) pulping, Sulfate pulping, da kuma yanayi alkaline pulping. Ana sa ran cewa yanayin alkaline pulping na hemp bast fiber na iya maye gurbin Manila hemp ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin samar da takarda tace shayi.
Bugu da kari, akwai nau'ikan takardar tace shayi iri biyu: bleached da unbleached. A da, ana amfani da fasahar bleaching na chloride, amma a halin yanzu, ana amfani da bleaching oxygen ko bleached pulp don samar da takarda tace shayi.
A kasar Sin, ana yawan yin zaruruwan bawon mulberry ta hanyar juzu'i mai yawa sannan a sarrafa su da guduro. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike na kasar Sin sun binciko hanyoyi daban-daban na pulping bisa ga nau'i daban-daban na yankan, kumburi, da kuma tasirin fiber mai kyau a lokacin da ake zubar da su, kuma sun gano cewa hanya mafi kyau don yin ɓangarorin jakar shayi shine "dogon fiber free pulping". Wannan hanyar dokewa galibi ta dogara ne akan siriri, yanke daidai, da ƙoƙarin kiyaye tsayin zaruruwan ba tare da buƙatar filaye masu kyau da yawa ba. Halayen takarda suna da kyau sha da babban numfashi. Saboda dogayen zaruruwa, daidaiton takarda ba shi da kyau, fuskar takarda ba ta da santsi sosai, baƙar fata tana da girma, tana da ƙarfin tsagewa da tsayin daka, girman daidaiton takardar yana da kyau, kuma nakasar ita ce. karami.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-29-2024